resistance and corrosion resistance are more and more used in metalworking industry. This puts forward higher performance
indicators for the performance, spindle and structure of NC machine tools with ultra-high speed cutting and ultra-precision
technology, which should be fully considered in the selection of machine tools and control systems.
I. Requirements for Machine Tools in High Speed Cutting
- (1) The power of high-speed cutting machine tools must be large enough to meet the demand for the change of power and
- speed of machine tools during cutting.
- (2) High-speed cutting machine tools must be equipped with compact high-speed spindle and high-speed feed screw.
- (3) High-speed cutting machine tools must be equipped with solid bench, rigid gantry frame and the matrix material should
- have a greater effect on the structural vibration attenuation of machine tools. This structure can effectively eliminate the
- vibration in processing and improve the stability of machine tools.
- (4) The linear motor driven directly can improve the quality and greatly simplify the structure, and it is easy to achieve high
- linear speed and provide constant speed, so that the workpiece can obtain the best surface quality and longer tool life.
2. Requirements for NC in High Speed Cutting
For the CNC system of high-speed cutting machine tools, there must be high-speed and high-precision interpolation system,
fast response CNC system and high-precision system; there must be pre-reading, automatic angle deceleration, interpolation,
which can be applied to general computer platform and other functions.
3. Requirements for Spindle in High Speed Cutting
Because of the high speed of the spindle, high requirements are put forward for the structure and bearing of the spindle in
order to reduce the axial and radial circular runout of the spindle.
The integral manufacturing method can greatly reduce the
error of the spindle in high speed rotation. By choosing high precision bearings, the dynamic balance of the spindle can be
effectively improved and the error of the workpiece can be reduced.
4. Requirements for Tools in High Speed Cutting
Tool selection is very important in high-speed cutting. Tool selection is mainly considered from two aspects: one is the dynamic
balance state of the tool under high-speed rotating state, and the other is how to ensure the life of the tool.
- (1) Cutting tools with dynamic balancing devices are used. Mechanical sliders or fluid dynamic balancing designs are installed
- in the tool sleeve.
- (2) The holistic cutter is adopted, and the cutter sleeve and the cutter body are integrated to ensure that the clearance between
- the cutter body and the cutter sleeve is minimum in the installation process. From the overall performance, the overall tool is
- the most ideal in this respect.
- (3) The General requirements of high-speed cutting tools are balance, advanced materials, high manufacturing accuracy, safety,
- easy chip removal and multi-purpose.
5. Requirements of High Speed Cutting for Parameters
When the spindle speed is fixed, first of all, attention should be paid to the control of cutting depth, including the axial cutting
depth of the tool and the radial cutting depth of the tool. The control of cutting depth plays a key role in producing a qualified
part and prolonging the service life of the tool.
Therefore, the stable cutting depth and the width of the comparative small
fluctuation range should be maintained. In general, cutting parameters should adopt higher cutting speed, less margin of
finishing time, more dense tool path and smaller cutting depth in order to obtain high accuracy and reduce the roughness of
the part surface.
6. Requirements for Programming in High Speed Cutting
In order to avoid the influence of machine inertia in high-speed cutting process, it is theoretically possible not to change the
direction of feed in the cutting process, but in fact it is impossible to achieve this. Changing the direction of feed is unavoidable
and often used, which gives programming a difficult problem. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable tool-walking
method to solve this problem in order to generate safe, effective and accurate tool paths and ideal surface accuracy.
Generally,
when the knife is empty, change direction as far as possible, and reduce the feed speed before changing the feed direction.
In addition, it is also very important to keep the cutting conditions as constant as possible. Because different tool loads can
cause tool deviation, which will reduce the accuracy of workpiece, surface accuracy and tool life.
SELECTION OF OIL PRODUCTS IN HIGH SPEED CUTTING
The factors affecting the accuracy of ultra-high speed cutting are roughly the cutting datum, the accuracy of cutting tools, the
rationality of cutting tool, the quality of workpiece raw materials, the performance of cutting oil and so on. How to select cutting
oil is also an important subject in metal cutting technology.
(1) Silicon steel cutting oil
Silicon steel is a relatively easy-to-cut material. Generally, in order to make the workpiece easy to clean, low-viscosity cutting
oil will be selected on the premise of preventing the occurrence of cutting burrs.
(2) Carbon steel cutting oil
When choosing cutting oil for carbon steel, the better viscosity should be determined first according to the difficulty and the
method of oil feeding and degreasing conditions.
(3) Stainless steel cutting oil
Stainless steel is easy to produce hardening material, which requires cutting oil with high film strength and good sintering
resistance. Cutting oil containing sulfur and chlorine compound additives is generally used to ensure extreme pressure
performance and avoid burrs and tool wear.
These are the technical schemes to realize high-speed cutting technology. With the continuous development of tool technology,
machine tool technology, programming technology, numerical control technology and other related technologies, high-speed
cutting technology will become more and more perfect and play an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing
industry.
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